At the beginning of its development, SPA web platforms lacked a flexible but simple system for creating the projects that could amend and, in some cases, replace both mobile and desktop apps. At that time, a user whose problem was quite simple had to find an application capable of solving the problem. In the course of time, the technologies kept moving forward making web services gain popularity since the latter had no need to be installed. What was needed is just to visit a website for accessing one or another service. Previously, such tasks could be solved through websites written in either ActionScript or Java. However, those systems required to install either Flash or Java being at the same time far from the speed expected by the users.

At that point in time, JavaScript evolved quite sufficiently to leave behind its rivals due to a high speed, development simplicity, and continuous support of the browsers’ developers. The era of JavaScript started engendering such definition as SPA (Single Page Application) which provided a new approach to the development of web platforms. Unlike its forerunner MPA (Multi-Page Application), SPA allowed a web service to work much faster as well as to provide it with a more sophisticated functionality capable of changing dynamically in accordance with users’ needs. The biggest drawback was in pure JavaScript which could not provide a fast development when even a primitive SPA web service required a lot of time to be created. That’s why Google decided to support the approach with a framework that could help various companies develop complicated web services without spending too much time for it.

AngularJS was the first stage in SPA development allowing to create complicated SPA web platforms. In addition, it provided developing hybrid mobile applications along with desktop programs as well. After AngularJS appeared, some other companies decided to participate in the development of SPA web systems too. On the other hand, Facebook has found out its own approach to the development of web platforms. React was among the first libraries capable of competing with such strong rivals as AngularJS. Nevertheless, both systems are unique to differ significantly in addressing similar challenges. In contrast to AngularJS which is represented as just an SPA framework, React is able to work with both MPA and SPA. Angular is a JavaScript framework created on the basis of TypeScript.

Google is the Company which keeps developing and supporting the framework. At the very beginning, the version Angular 1 which was also known as AngularJS appeared. The first version was using pure JavaScript being a trial approach to the development of more powerful functionality. Angular 2 or ng2+ following AngularJS was critically improved. The most significant update of Angular implied a transition to a new TypeScript platform. Since then, the framework started working much faster than the first version did. Besides, the entry barrier became much lower. Such functions as Interfaces, Classes, and strong typing appeared in Angular. One of the crucial features is @angular/cli which facilitates the project development. It provides an ability to create a project along with modules, services, and components. Also, the feature allows deploying the project providing its subsequent debugging through the embedded e2e tests. By the way, a release Angular 6 is already available. This is an updated bug-fixed version of Angular 2 having many new capabilities. At present, Angular is applied to Google, Wix, weather.com, healthcare.gov, Forbes.

As of writing this article, the latest release of Angular 6 is the fastest framework providing development of SPA web platforms. The syntax of TypeScript representing various capabilities for the development is closest to JavaScript. The available updates are the following:

• static typing
• decorators
• interfaces
• namespaces

React is a JavaScript library developed by Facebook which keeps supporting it along with launching new releases. The approach of React implies using components that can be displayed on the same page without being SPA, nevertheless. Facebook is more proactive in using React in its own projects than Google is with Angular. The main difference with Angular implies using JSX and Virtual DOM. The basic capability of JSC provides creation of rendered components by putting HTML-like code in JS files. As a result, React renders the code to display finally a dynamic HTML which can be changed depending on the situation. React is used in Airbnb, Uber, Netflix, Twitter, Pinterest, Reddit, Udemy, Wix, Paypal, Imgur, Feedly, Stripe, Tumblr, Walmart.

The peculiarity of React lies in using JavaScript which is sufficient for starting development. The dynamic typing in JavaScript does not allow to figure out whether a correct type of data is delivered to a component. Such a verification falls on the shoulders of a developer who has to trace the situation of such a kind in a code. The main advantage of React is using the latest version of JavaScript which allows a developer to learn nothing but React.

Core development

In order to look into the reasons for the popularity of both Angular and React, the detailed statistics is worth considering. The team page of Angular contains 36 developers while React has no team page at all. The popular web resource GitHub dedicated to open source projects represents 40 490 ranking stars along with 1 714 contributors for Angular. In its turn, React has 110 961 stars and 1 200 contributors respectively. The chart below represents the stats for the ranking stars belonging to both Angular and React.

As we can see, React has much more stars than Angular, and the gap is growing continuously.
Another stats is provided by the package manager npm which offers the number of downloads for both Angular and React.

Again we see how actively React outperforms Angular also in downloads. And the last chart we’d like you to check is Google Trends detecting popularity on the basis of the number of requests available in the Google search system.

The situation is a little bit different here. At first, Angular was more popular in search, but later the trend has reversed. According to the latest data, React is at the top of searches now while Angular is following closely nevertheless.
We may not ignore a popular resource StackOverflow which conducted a survey on who prefers what with regard to Angular and React. AngularJS (the Angular 2 version was beyond the survey, unfortunately) gained 52% of votes while React reached 67%. In response to the question about the lack of interest to further development, the framework by Google gained 48% of votes while its competitor reached only 33%. The important question about an intent to use the framework again later represented React with 92% of votes while Angular reached only 65%. Basing on the aforementioned data we can come to a conclusion that React is more popular among developers than Angular. In any case both React and Angular together are occupying 100% of popularity on the market that implies their leadership for a long time.

TypeScript vs ES6 & JSX

In order to examine two different systems in the most objective manner, we need to check their main differences first. This time, we will consider only “out-of-the-box” versions. However, everyone can couple JSX with Angular as well as TypeScript with React.

Why TypeScript?

TypeScript is a special enhancement of JavaScript developed by Microsoft. It allows working with static typing along with reliable tools. The developers who work with JavaScript can avoid numerous bugs thanks to the solution.  TypeScript informs about the errors before the file is saved allowing, therefore, to write code many times faster. Such a practice enables developers to focus on the actually important issues.

Besides, another important capability of TypeScript provides establishing a development team. Usually, 1-2 persons are involved in development with JavaScript while its basic functionality limits a team to 5 developers. A lot still remains unfulfilled while the rest does not work correctly. Optimization in JavaScript depends on the developers who has to decide whether to optimize something or not on their own. React has done almost no improvements on the drawbacks which have been already settled with TypeScript.      

In fact, the developers belong to two opposing camps. Some believe that TypeScript is just the version of JavaScript which would appear from the very beginning. The others consider the dynamic typing as just the thing they need in JavaScript. It is hard to figure out which opinion should be the most appropriate. Many contemporary programming languages support both a dynamic typing and a static one. In such a situation, a lot depends on the personal preferences of every particular developer. Let’s check an exemplary case of how much better TypeScript behaves in comparison with JavaScript to grasp how well-considered TypeScript is in terms of development

// Basic JavaScript
function getPassword(clearTextPassword) {
 if (clearTextPassword) {
   return 'password';
 }
 return '********';
}

let password = getPassword('false'); // "password"

It is clearly obvious that a developer made a bug since instead of string s/he delivered boolean. Therefore, a bug is created without being traced that can lead to an error which another developer could make since the error was not identified immediately.
Here is how the same code is written in TypeScript:

// Written with TypeScript
function getPassword(clearTextPassword: boolean): string {
 if (clearTextPassword) {
   return 'password';
 }
 return '********';
}

let password = getPassword('false'); // throws: error TS2345: Argument of type '"false"' is not assignable to parameter of type 'boolean'.

We determined the type of data expected for the arguments of a function along with what is to be returned. We immediately found an error in a code after compilation.
That was one of the simple cases that reveal the quality of a project. Besides, it shows what a time-consuming search for errors takes place while TypeScript rejects them by banning the very compilation.

React thinks otherwise

Every React developer has an opportunity to work with a special HTML-like syntax JSX to render components. Unfortunately, both TypeScript in Angular and React cannot do without JSX. Since TypeScript is considered almost a separate programming language, it is necessary to take a TypeScript course before getting down to Angular. But the React developers just need to look through a brief JSX documentation to start coding. The only innovations added by the system of development of highly loaded SPA systems are mentioned above. In fact, React offers nothing but a feature of template rendering. Hence, a code written in React will hardly be better than a pure JavaScript code. Some developers believe that React could be able to either solve some problems of JavaScript or, at least, enhance its capabilities.

Facebook and SPA development

The developers of programming languages strive to separate View from code in order to facilitate sharing of a project. Facebook, on the other hand, believed that keeping everything together was a more proper approach to componential development. The React proponents have an ambivalent vision of such an approach. Some of them are trying to limit JSX to minimum. The other developers actively use JSX having no idea why to reject it. The syntax allows to develop and add components in a simple manner facing, nevertheless, some insignificant problems with both the HTML template development and further integration to React. A more or less correct solution in case of a React-based project comes to an immediate integration of a design into React components.
In a similar case, Angular follows a more traditional approach when logic is separated from View. Once the Angular solution is based on Two-way data binding as well as on its own template engine, we can easily integrate an HTML template into View for Angular components. Even though the syntax of the Angular template engine has its own pros and cons, it does make integration dynamics into View in a simple manner. It allows adding Model for using such components in the other components that, therefore, lead to the creation of sophisticated SPA systems.      
 
Let’s take a look at a couple of examples with both Angular and React. The approach of Angular to components implies several files:

component.ts

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
 selector: 'app-component',
 templateUrl: './component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./component.scss']
})
export class Component implements OnInit {
 this.component_title: String = “Hello world”;
 constructor() {}
 ngOnInit() {}
}

component.html

<p>
 {{ component_title }}
</p>

In the given example a component displays “Hello world” in the midst of its View.
It is simpler when working with React: one file is enough to create a new component.

component.js

import React from 'react';

export class Component extends React.Component {

  render() {

      const text = "Hello world!";

      return (

          <p>

              {text}

          </p>

      );

  };

}

Each system has a different approach to the creation of components having its own pros and cons. And each developer is to decide which approach is more relevant for the project development.

What developers face at the very beginning

Once React is the library which has no powerful out-of-the-box solutions, the developers have to find the modules they need on their own. On the other hand, the Angular developers face a set of solutions they cannot refuse from the very beginning. Every single one of the approaches does not imply the best solution. The React developers have to check the compatibility with the latest React version when many new libraries are to be involved. They have to do updates manually. Many libraries are created not by Facebook. That’s why the developers have to hope that the creators of their favorite library will update its compatibility with a new React version in time. The Angular developers have fewer concerns since the majority of tools are created by Google and, therefore, they are updated in parallel with a new version of Angular. Of course, the developers use the third-party libraries for one or another task, but the number of such libraries is significantly below the number React offers. Besides, fewer of them are important for a correct operation of a system.

While a React developer receives just a system core configured for working with JSX out of the box, an Angular developer can find the following:

• Angular CLI
• E2E Tests
• Forms
• Modules for Animation, Localization etc.
• TypeScript features
• Angular Elements etc.

A spectrum of the Angular tools is increasing continuously to support more and more solutions that allow reducing the need in the third-party libraries in the future to use Angular out of the box at full capacity.

Size and performance

Once Angular is a framework, its size is significantly bigger than the size of a lightweight React. In terms of size, Angular is inferior to its competitor. However, some extra megabytes can hardly play a crucial role in the contemporary world. What is really important for the developers are both the performance and speed providing a pleasant work with a system.
The following is a benchmark comparison of both Angular and React.

As the stats show, Angular works a little faster than React does. Angular 6 has a better performance than Angular 4 has, but even the previous version beats its competitor.
Of course, the difference is not too huge, but Angular can provide a better performance when a sophisticated system is under development. After all, the developers should figure out which system is more relevant for their tasks on their own.

Universal solutions and native ones

Both universal and native solutions are actively implemented in various types of applications such as web, mobile and desktop. Both React and Angular offer supporting native solutions. Angular has NativeScript (under support of Telerik) for native solutions along with the Ionic framework for developing hybrid apps. React offers react-native-render for the development of cross-platform solutions as well as React Native for native apps. Both variants are in the equally active use having almost no difference for an average user in operation. The solutions allow reducing labor when a system having both web and native apps is created. The hybrid solutions can offer neither a high speed nor stability in operation, unfortunately. But for simple tasks they are sufficient.

Learning process

It’s quite explainable that mastering of Angular implies a more difficult learning process. The documentation is ample and difficult to learn that requires significantly more time for training. Besides, learning of TypeScript is to be added to the process that makes the developers doubt whether the Angular theory is worth their time.        
Even though Google is trying to simplify the learning process with both tutorials and articles about how to start, the load on the developers can hardly be reduced. React, by contrast, allows starting working at once requiring the knowledge of JavaScript as the only condition.
Both systems offer their specific approaches to the development. One way or another, but the developers have to decide what is more important for them. It is necessary to realize that both Angular and React imply different methods the developers have to follow when they choose one or another system to work.

Conclusion

Both Angular and React are great systems for executing various tasks in the web project development. Angular is better suited to the developers who would like to have everything necessary out of the box thinking about neither manual updates nor third-party libraries. React, in its turn, allows configuring a project in a more flexible manner according to its objectives.
Both solutions have their specific pros and cons. And understanding of them should be taken into consideration when a final decision on what to choose is to be made. The end users can hardly distinguish one approach from another if both ones are developed in a correct and high-quality manner.
A developer who has a working experience with TypeScript will most probably choose Angular as a basic framework. The one who prefers to control a number of libraries inside a project will opt for React.
No fully universal solution is available - the choice is up to you in accordance with the project objectives you chase.

PHP, or hypertext preprocessor, is an open-source server-side scripting language. It’s extremely popular, too — almost 80% of all websites were using PHP as of October 2018.

But how do you know which PHP framework is right for you?

Why use a PHP framework?

This post will list the 10 best PHP frameworks out there to help you choose.
A PHP framework provides a basic structure for streamlining the development of web apps. We use them because they speed up the development process.
Above all, the responsiveness of websites and applications built using PHP frameworks helps businesses fulfill their performance needs. So there’s no doubt that PHP frameworks will continue gaining attention and popularity in 2019.

The top 10 PHP frameworks

Here’s a list of the best PHP frameworks, based on popularity and ability to facilitate application development.

Laravel

Laravel is a top PHP framework
Introduced in 2011, Laravel has become the most popular free, open-source PHP framework in the world. Why? Because it can handle complex web applications securely, at a considerably faster pace than other frameworks. Laravel simplifies the development process by easing common tasks such as routing, sessions, caching, and authentication.

Reasons to use Laravel
Laravel is suitable when developing applications with complex backend requirements, whether small or large. Installing Laravel has been made easier by the introduction of Homestead, a prepackaged, all-in-one vagrant box.
It’s a PHP framework full of features that will help you customize complex apps. Among these: seamless data migration, MVC architecture support, security, routing, view template engine, and authentication, among many others.
Laravel is highly expressive, and its speed and security are in line with expectations for a modern web application. For developers who want to build B2B or enterprise websites that will evolve with changing web trends, Laravel is the way to go.

CodeIgniter

CodeIgniter is a top PHP framework
Known for its small footprint (it’s only about 2 MB in size, including the documentation) CodeIgniter is a PHP framework suitable for developing dynamic websites. It offers numerous prebuilt modules that help with constructing robust and reusable components.

Reasons to use CodeIgniter
CodeIgniter is a lightweight and straightforward PHP framework that’s hassle-free to install, unlike other frameworks. Due to a simple setup process and highly illustrated documentation, it’s ideal for beginners.
Key features include an MVC architecture, top-notch error handling, inbuilt security tools, and simple and excellent documentation. In addition, it creates scalable apps.
Compared with other frameworks, CodeIgniter is considerably faster. Since it also offers solid performance, it’s a good choice when you want to develop lightweight applications to run on modest servers. One caveat: CodeIgniter releases are a bit irregular, so the framework isn’t a great option for an application that requires high-level security.

Symfony

Symfony is a top PHP framework
The Symfony framework was launched in 2005, and although it’s been in existence for much longer than other frameworks on this list, it’s a reliable and mature platform. Symfony is an extensive PHP MVC framework and the only framework known to follow PHP and web standards to the tee.

Reasons to use Symfony
Symfony is the perfect choice for developing large-scale enterprise projects. It’s easy to install and configure on most platforms.
One of its key features? It’s reusable PHP components. It also boasts database engine–independence, and it’s stable, complies with most web best practices and design patterns, and allows for integration with other vendor libraries.
Symfony is also highly flexible and can integrate with bigger projects like Drupal. Symfony and Laravel have many common and unique features, which makes it difficult to say which of these frameworks is better.
However, while Laravel focuses more on simplicity and delivering value, even for developers who are not advanced, Symfony targets advanced developers and is a bit harder to start with. In addition, the Symfony security mechanism is a bit difficult to use. And, because it lets developers “do it all,” it can be slower than other frameworks.

CakePHP

CakePHP is a top PHP framework
If you’re looking for a toolkit that’s simple and elegant, look no further. CakePHP will help you develop visually impressive, feature-loaded websites. In addition, CakePHP is one of the easiest frameworks to learn, especially because of its CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) framework. CakePHP hit the market in the early 2000s, and since then it’s gained better performance and many new components.

Reasons to use CakePHP
CakePHP is simple and easy to install, as you only need a web server and a copy of the framework.
It makes a good choice for commercial applications due to security features that include SQL injection prevention, input validation, cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection, and cross-site scripting (XSS) protection.
Some key features include a modern framework, fast builds, proper class inheritance, validation, and security. In addition, CakePHP provides great documentation, many support portals, and premium support through Cake Development Corporation.

Yii

Yii is a top PHP framework
The Yii framework — which stands for Yes, it is! — is, in fact, simple and evolutionary. It’s a high-performance, component-based PHP framework for developing modern web applications. Yii is suitable for all kinds of web apps. For this reason, it’s a universal web programming framework.

Reasons to use Yii
Yii has an easy installation process. Furthermore, its robust security features make the framework suitable for highly secure endeavors such as e-commerce projects, portals, CMS, forums, and many others.
It boasts excellent speed and performance, it’s highly extensible, and it lets developers avoid the complexity of writing repetitive SQL statements, as they can model the database data in terms of objects.
Yii has a core developer team and experts that contribute to its development. With a massive community using it, you can post issues on Yii forums and get help.
Yii is extremely extensible, and you can customize nearly every piece of the core’s code. However, if it’s your first time using it, be prepared for a steep learning curve.

Zend Framework

Zend is a top PHP framework
The Zend framework is a complete object-oriented framework, and the fact that it uses features such as interfaces and inheritance makes it extendable. It was built on the agile methodology, which helps you to deliver high-quality applications to enterprise clients. Zend is highly customizable and abides by PHP best practices—an important point for developers who want to add project-specific functionalities.

Reasons to use Zend
Zend framework is an excellent fit for complex, enterprise-level projects. It’s the preferred framework for large IT departments and banks.
Some key features include MVC components, simple cloud API, data encryption, and session management.
It can integrate with external libraries, and you can use only the components you want. The Zend framework comes with extremely good documentation and has a large community base. However, if you’re a mobile app builder, get ready for a steep learning curve.

Phalcon

Phalcon is a top PHP framework
A full-stack PHP framework that employs the MVC web architecture design pattern, Phalcon was originally written in C and C++ and released in 2012. Since it’s delivered as a C-extension, you don’t have to worry about learning the C programming language.

Reasons to use Phalcon
Phalcon is easy to install and suitable for creating highly configurable web applications that are in line with enterprise development guidelines.
Key features include increased execution speed, asset management, a universal autoloader, and top security and caching.
Unlike other frameworks, Phalcon optimizes performance due to its efficient memory utilization. If you’re looking to create a blazing fast website, give Phalcon a try.
On the negative side, Phalcon developers are a bit slow to patch bugs, which may not jive with today’s need for high levels of security.

Swoft

Swoft is a PHP high performance microservice coroutine framework. It has been published for many years and has become the best choice for php. It can be like Go, built-in coroutine web server and common coroutine client and is resident in memory, independent of traditional PHP-FPM. There are similar Go language operations, similar to the Spring Cloud framework flexible annotations.

Reasons to use Swoft
Based on Swoole native Coroutine, comes with a resident memory and a package of other Swoole features.
Comes with Mysql/Redis/Rpc efficient connection pool and all connection disconnection reconnection. Developers not do care about connection pooling, and the corresponding components have been implemented.
AOP can be used for all objects managed by the framework container. Using AOP allows you to control the behavior of instance objects without changing the inside of the instance.
The RPC service is divided into RPC Server and RPC Client, and the framework provides a more elegant way to use RPC services like Dubbo.
With service mesh frameworks such as Istio/Envoy, and provides a set of rapid build microservice governance components for small and medium-sized businesses, including service registration and discovery, service bucks, service throttling, and configuration centers.

PHPixie

Introduced in 2012 and just like FuelPHP, PHPixie implements the HMVC design pattern. Its goal was to create a high-performance framework for read-only websites.

Reasons to use PHPixie
It’s easy to get started with PHPixie, which is suitable for social networking websites, customized web applications, and web app development services.
Key features include HMVC architecture, standard ORM (object-relational mapping), input validation, authorization capabilities, authentication, and caching.
PHPixie is built using independent components. For this reason, you can use it without the framework itself. Note that PHPixie has relatively few modules. Besides that, it lacks support for components independently made from the dependencies. Since it’s relatively new, it’s less popular and has a smaller community of users than other frameworks.

Slim

Slim is a top PHP framework
Slim is another popular PHP micro-framework that helps developers quickly create simple but powerful web applications and APIs.

Reasons to use Slim
Just like PHPixie, Slim is easy to learn. PHP developers use Slim to develop RESTful APIs and web services.
Key features include URL routing, session, and cookie encryption, client-side HTTP caching, and more.
It’s the best framework for a small web application that doesn’t necessarily require a full-stack PHP framework. In addition, active maintenance and friendly documentation make Slim super user-friendly.

Which PHP framework is right for you?

Using PHP frameworks simplifies the development process, which helps to minimize workload. Each framework has its own strengths and weaknesses, and they all vary in terms of community, documentation, and the database they support.
As such, the decision on the best framework to use depends on various factors such as security, ease of use, scalability, documentation, and more. So, start by understanding the requirements of the project or application you want to develop. Then, choose the most suitable PHP framework from this list. You can’t go wrong.